(Re)Shaping the Neoliberal Leviathans: the Politics of Penality and Welfare in Argentina, Chile and Peru

Authors

  • Paul C. Hathazy University of California, Berkeley

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18352/erlacs.9228

Keywords:

neoliberalism, penality, welfare policies, parties, urban mobilization, Peru, Argentina, Chile, neoliberalismo, penal, políticas de bienestar, partidos, movilización urbana

Abstract

Going beyond general depictions of convergence in penal and welfare policies targeted to manage the urban poor and the flexibilized working class in neoliberal regimes of Latin America, I address the political causes behind the distinct penal and welfare policies developed in Argentina, Chile and Peru since their neoliberal turn. To explain the initial differences of penal and welfare regimes among these cases and their evolution, I integrate Harvey’s and Wacquant’s perspectives on state policies under neoliberalism and complement them with an analysis of local political conditions and processes, following Portes. The differences in penal and welfare policies in each country result initially from the political regime that governed the transition to neoliberalism – authoritarian, semi-authoritarian or democratic. Their consolidation or modification resulted from the organizational features (technocratic or neo-populist) of the political parties that governed the aftermath of transition to neoliberalism and from the different reactions of marginalized urban sectors to neoliberal adjustments and policies.

Resumen: (Re)modelando a los leviatanes neoliberales: la política penal y social en Argentina, Chile y Perú

Más allá de las descripciones generales de la convergencia entre las políticas penales y sociales dirigidas a los pobres urbanos y a la clase obrera flexibilizada en los regímenes neoliberales de Latinoamérica, yo abordo las causas políticas que se esconden tras las distintas políticas penales y sociales elaboradas en Argentina, Chile y Perú desde su giro neoliberal. Para explicar las diferencias iniciales entre los regímenes penales y sociales de estos países y su evolución, integro las perspectivas de Harvey y Wacquant sobre las políticas estatales bajo el neoliberalismo y las complemento con un análisis de las condiciones y los procesos políticos locales, de acuerdo con Portes. Las diferencias entre las políticas penales y sociales en cada país radican inicialmente en el régimen político que gobernó en la transición hacia el neoliberalismo – autoritario, semiautoritario o democrático. Su consolidación o modificación fue el resultado de las características organizativas (tecnócratas o neopopulistas) de los partidos políticos que gobernaron después de la transición al neoliberalismo y de las distintas reacciones de los sectores urbanos marginados ante los ajustes y las políticas neoliberales. Palabras clave: neoliberalismo, penal, políticas de bienestar, partidos, movilización urbana, Perú, Argentina, Chile.

Author Biography

Paul C. Hathazy, University of California, Berkeley

Paul C. Hathazy <hathazy@berkeley.edu> is a PhD candidate in the Department of Sociology at the University of California Berkeley. His main interests are the state, law and experts, deploying qualitative methods, and privileging historical comparative approaches. His recent publications include (2012) ‘Enchanting Bureaucracy: Symbolic Violence and the (Re)production of Charismatic Authority in a Police Apparatus’, in International Sociology, 27(6); and (2013) ‘Fighting for a Democratic Police: Politics, Experts and Bureaucrats in the Transformation of the Police in Post-authoritarian Argentina and Chile’, in Comparative Sociology, 12(4).

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Published

09-10-2013

Issue

Section

Articles | Artículos

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